The rapid growth of industry and population that occurred in Glasgow in the mid-Victorian years had a devastating effect on the river Clyde. The infrastructure for handling industrial and human waste was limited to gravitation, ending in the river, and the river itself became an open sewer. The problem was studied throughout the 1850s and 1860s but it was a major Parliamentary report by Sir John Hawkshaw in 1876 that focused attention on potentially workable solutions. At the time, Glasgow had a new supply of excellent water from Loch Katrine that supplied 36 million gallons of water annually. Hawkshaw suggested a new system of intercepting sewers that would convey effluent to areas on the margins of the city where it could be treated. There was a suitable location on both sides of the Clyde below Whiteinch where the effluent could be treated with alum, lime and charcoal to precipitate...